Metabolic and regulatory changes associated with growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1.4 M NaCl. Evidence for osmotic induction of glycerol dissimilation via the dihydroxyacetone pathway

J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 28;272(9):5544-54. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5544.

Abstract

The salt-instigated protein expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during growth in either 0.7 or 1.4 M NaCl was studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 73 protein spots that were identified as more than 3-fold responsive in 1.4 M NaCl were further grouped by response class (halometric, low-salt, and high-salt regulation). Roughly 40% of these responsive proteins were found to decrease in expression, while at higher magnitudes of change (>8-fold) only induction was recorded. Enolase 1 (Eno1p) was the most increasing protein by absolute numbers per cell, but not by -fold change, and the enzymes involved in glycerol synthesis, Gpd1p and Gpp2p, were also induced to a similar degree as Eno1p. We furthermore present evidence for salt induction of glycerol dissimilation via dihydroxyacetone and also identify genes putatively encoding the two enzymes involved; dihydroxyacetone kinase (DAK1 and DAK2) and glycerol dehydrogenase (YPR1 and GCY1). The GPD1, GPP2, GCY1, DAK1, and ENO1 genes all displayed a halometric increase in the amount of transcript. This increase was closely linked to the salt-induced rate of protein synthesis of the corresponding proteins, indicating mainly transcriptional regulation of expression for these genes. A consensus element with homology to the URS sequence of the ENO1 promoter was found in the promoters of the GPD1, GPP2, GCY1, and DAK1 genes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Base Sequence
  • Blotting, Northern
  • Dihydroxyacetone / metabolism*
  • Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
  • Glycerol / metabolism*
  • Isoelectric Point
  • Models, Chemical
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Osmolar Concentration
  • Phenotype
  • Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / genetics
  • Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / drug effects
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / growth & development*
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Sodium Chloride / pharmacology*
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / genetics
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / metabolism

Substances

  • Sodium Chloride
  • Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases
  • glycerol dehydrogenase
  • Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
  • glycerone kinase
  • Dihydroxyacetone
  • Glycerol