The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Crs5 Metallothionein metal-binding abilities and its role in the response to zinc overload

Mol Microbiol. 2007 Jan;63(1):256-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05510.x. Epub 2006 Dec 5.

Abstract

Crs5 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metallothionein (MT), non-homologous to the paradigmatic Cu-thionein Cup1. Although considered a secondary copper-resistance agent, we show here that it determines survival under zinc overload in a CUP1-null background. Its overexpression prevents the deleterious effects exhibited by CUP1-CRS5-null cells when exposed to combined Zn/Cu, as it does the mouse MT1 Zn-thionein, but not Cup1. The detailed characterization of Crs5 in vivo and in vitro Zn(II)-, Cd(II)- and Cu(I)-binding abilities fully supports its resemblance to mammalian MTs. Hence, Crs5 exhibits a good divalent metal-binding ability, yielding homometallic, highly chiral and stable Zn and Cd complexes when expressed in media enriched with these metal ions. In Cu-supplemented cultures, heterometallic Zn,Cu complexes are recovered, unless aeration is kept to a minimum. These features define a Crs5 dual metal-binding behaviour that is significantly closer to Zn-thioneins than to Cu-thioneins. Protein sequence similarities fully support these findings. Overall, a Crs5 function in global metal cell homeostasis, based on its Zn-binding features, is glimpsed. The comparative evaluation of Crs5 in the framework of MT functional differentiation and evolution allows its consideration as a representative of the primeval eukaryotic forms that progressively evolved to give rise to the Zn-thionein lineage.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Copper / metabolism*
  • Copper / toxicity
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
  • Metallothionein / genetics
  • Metallothionein / metabolism*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / drug effects
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism*
  • Zinc / metabolism*
  • Zinc / toxicity

Substances

  • CRS5 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Copper
  • Metallothionein
  • Zinc