Abstract
Transcription factors are often phosphorylated at multiple sites. Here it is shown that multiple phosphorylation sites on the budding yeast transcription factor Pho4 play distinct and separable roles in regulating the factor's activity. Phosphorylation of Pho4 at two sites promotes the factor's nuclear export and phosphorylation at a third site inhibits its nuclear import. Phosphorylation of a fourth site blocks the interaction of Pho4 with the transcription factor Pho2. Multiple phosphorylation sites provide overlapping and partially redundant layers of regulation that function to efficiently control the activity of Pho4.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Acid Phosphatase / metabolism
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Amino Acid Substitution
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism
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Cyclins / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins*
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Fungal Proteins / genetics
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Fungal Proteins / metabolism*
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Homeodomain Proteins*
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Karyopherins
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Membrane Transport Proteins*
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Nuclear Localization Signals
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Phosphorylation
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / metabolism
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
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Repressor Proteins*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins*
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / metabolism*
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Transcription, Genetic
Substances
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Cyclins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Fungal Proteins
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Karyopherins
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MSN5 protein, S cerevisiae
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Membrane Transport Proteins
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Nuclear Localization Signals
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PHO2 protein, S cerevisiae
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PHO4 protein, S cerevisiae
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PHO80 protein, S cerevisiae
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PSE1 protein, S cerevisiae
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Repressor Proteins
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
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PHO85 protein, S cerevisiae
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Acid Phosphatase