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The process whereby neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. The process whereby neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. The process by which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve. The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. The process whereby glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form an insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment. Any process by which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. The process by which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.

View Gene Ontology (GO) Term

GO TERM SUMMARY
Name: myelination
Acc: GO:0042552
Aspect: Biological Process
Desc: The process by which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
Proteins in PDR annotated with:
   This term: 94 [Search]
   Term or descendants: 118 [Search]


[geneontology.org]
INTERACTIVE GO GRAPH

GO:0042552 - myelination (interactive image map)
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